Mouth Ulcers: All You Need to Know

Types and Characteristics of Mouth Ulcers

Mouth ulcers come in various forms and have distinct features. Canker sores, the most common type, are often white or yellow in the middle with a red edge. They can appear on the gums, tongue, inner cheeks, inner lips, or the roof of the mouth. These sores can cause significant discomfort and make daily activities like eating, drinking, and speaking challenging.

Causes of Mouth Ulcers

A wide range of factors can lead to mouth ulcers. Minor tissue injuries from dental work, accidental bites to the cheek or tongue, allergic reactions, wearing braces, using harsh toothpaste, consuming acidic foods, hormonal changes, stress, lack of sleep, vitamin deficiencies, viral or bacterial infections, autoimmune diseases like Crohn's disease, lupus, or Behçet's disease can all contribute. In some cases, underlying health conditions need to be addressed to prevent recurrent ulcers.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

Mouth ulcers are easily identifiable as sores within the mouth. They typically have a red edge and a white, yellow, or gray center. One or multiple ulcers may occur, accompanied by symptoms such as swelling around the ulcers, increased soreness when brushing teeth, and intensified pain when consuming spicy, salty, or sour foods. A healthcare provider can diagnose mouth ulcers through a visual examination, and may order blood tests in severe cases or when a specific health condition is suspected.

Treatment Options

Most mouth ulcers heal on their own, but medications may be prescribed to alleviate discomfort. Antiseptic gels, mouth rinses, steroid ointments, or immunosuppressants in severe cases can be used. At home, drinking plenty of water, maintaining good oral hygiene, rinsing with warm saltwater or a hydrogen peroxide mixture, avoiding certain foods, and using over-the-counter topical anesthetics can help relieve symptoms.

Prevention and Prognosis

Although complete prevention of mouth ulcers is not always possible, certain measures can reduce the risk. Brushing and flossing regularly, using a soft-bristled toothbrush, eating a balanced diet, and visiting the dentist for regular checkups and cleanings are beneficial. In most cases, mouth ulcers heal within 10 to 14 days. However, if a mouth sore persists for more than three weeks, it is advisable to consult a healthcare provider as it could indicate an underlying issue.

Common Questions and Misconceptions

There are common questions and misunderstandings about mouth ulcers. For instance, the difference between a mouth ulcer and a canker sore, or whether mouth ulcers are a sign of cancer. It's important to note that while most mouth ulcers are harmless and resolve on their own, persistent or unusual ulcers should be evaluated by a professional.