Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) in the Mouth: All You Need to Know

What is Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) in the Mouth?

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a highly contagious virus that can affect various parts of the body, including the mouth. It causes oral herpes, which is characterized by fluid-filled blisters that can be painful and uncomfortable. But not everyone who has the virus shows symptoms. A simple blood test can determine if you have HSV in your body. Antiviral medications are available to treat outbreaks and manage the virus in the long term.

Symptoms and Causes of HSV in the Mouth

The symptoms of an HSV infection in the mouth can vary. Blisters on the lips or around the mouth are common, and the skin may tingle, itch, or burn before the blisters appear. You can catch HSV through direct contact with someone who has an active infection, such as by touching their herpes sores or mucosal surfaces. The incubation period for HSV infections ranges from one to 26 days, typically being six to eight days.

Diagnosis and Tests for HSV in the Mouth

Healthcare providers diagnose HSV infections by conducting a physical exam and testing. They may look for signs of infection like sores and take a sample for lab testing. If there are no visible sores, a blood test can check for antibodies against HSV-1 or HSV-2.

Management and Treatment of HSV in the Mouth

Prescription antiviral medications are the main treatment for HSV infections. These come in different forms, such as pills, creams, ointments, intravenous medications, or eye drops. Treatment options include episodic therapy for single outbreaks and chronic suppressive therapy for frequent or severe cases.

Prevention of HSV in the Mouth

Preventing HSV infections can be challenging, but you can lower your risk by avoiding close contact with people having an outbreak, asking partners to get tested for STIs, and using protection during sexual activity. Open communication with sexual partners about the risk is also crucial.

Outlook and Prognosis of HSV in the Mouth

Herpes simplex is a lifelong infection, but the frequency of outbreaks often decreases over time. Most people with oral herpes have fewer outbreaks as they age.

Living with HSV in the Mouth

If you have symptoms of an HSV infection or were exposed to it, contact a provider. It's helpful to ask your provider about recommended treatments, ways to lower the risk of spreading the virus to others, and how to prevent outbreaks.