Causes of Mouth Ulcers and How to Treat Them

What Are Mouth Ulcers?

Mouth ulcers are small sores that can form on various parts of the mouth, such as the gums, lips, tongue, inner cheeks, or roof of the mouth. They can be single or multiple and are often painful, making eating, drinking, and speaking uncomfortable. These sores usually have a white or yellow center with a red edge.

Aphthous Ulcers

Aphthous ulcers are a common type of mouth ulcer. Their causes are not precisely known, but they can be triggered by minor trauma, acidic foods, or stress. Vitamin deficiencies, hormonal changes, and underlying health conditions like Crohn's disease or celiac disease might also contribute.

Mouth Ulcers That Won't Heal

If mouth ulcers persist for more than 14 days or occur frequently, it's essential to see a dentist or doctor. This could indicate an underlying deficiency, an inflammatory medical condition, or even a more serious problem like oral cancer.

Symptoms of Mouth Ulcers

The symptoms of mouth ulcers include redness around the edges, a white, yellow, or gray center, swelling, increased soreness when brushing teeth, and pain that worsens when consuming spicy, salty, or sour foods.

Causes of Mouth Ulcers

Mouth ulcers can result from accidental injury, such as biting the inside of the cheek or tongue. Constant irritation from braces, harsh toothpaste, or acidic foods can also cause them. Viral infections like herpes, autoimmune disorders, and underlying health conditions like vitamin deficiencies, Crohn's disease, or celiac disease can be contributing factors. Stress, illness, or extreme fatigue can also play a role.

When to Seek Treatment for Mouth Ulcers

If mouth ulcers don't clear up after 14 days, if there's blood present, or if it's suspected that there's an underlying deficiency or an inflammatory medical condition, it's time to seek treatment. A biopsy might be necessary for diagnosis.

Treatment for Mouth Ulcers

Most mouth ulcers heal on their own, but treatment can help relieve discomfort. This includes using antiseptic gels or mouth rinses, steroid ointments, or immunosuppressants in severe cases. At home, drinking plenty of water, maintaining good oral hygiene, rinsing with warm saltwater, and avoiding certain foods can aid in recovery.

Prevention of Mouth Ulcers

Preventing mouth ulcers involves brushing and flossing teeth regularly, using a soft-bristled toothbrush, eating a nutritious diet, and visiting the dentist for checkups. Treating underlying conditions can also reduce the risk of ulcers recurring.

Where to Get Help

Help can be obtained from dentists, general practitioners, pharmacists, or specialized oral medicine clinics. Public dental services may also be available in some areas.